Changes
to Practice Notes
Chapter 1Ethics and Malpractice Considerations
§ 1.11:1Definitions and Sanctions
In the
sixth paragraph, item 1. was revised.
§ 1.13:1Conflicts of Interest between Attorney and Client
Under
“Refusing to Accept Employment,” the parenthetical statement immediately
preceding the Comment was added.
§ 1.13:2Conflicts of Interest among Clients
Under
“Conflicts Created by Multiple Representation,” the parenthetical statement
following the citation at the end of the second sentence was added.
Under
“Conflicts Created by Prior Representation,” the parenthetical statement at the
end of the first paragraph was added.
§ 1.16:2Texas Advertising Guidelines
This
section was revised throughout to reflect amendments to the Texas Disciplinary
Rules of Professional Conduct.
Chapter 2Attorney-Client Relationship and Communications
§ 2.1Communications about Legal Consequences
The last
sentence in the section was added.
§ 2.8:6Duty to Maintain Confidences and Secrets of Clients
In the
second paragraph, items 9. and 10. were added.
The
paragraph preceding the Comment at the end of the section was added.
§ 2.9Requirement to Report Child Abuse—Inapplicability of Attorney-Client Privilege
In the
first paragraph, items (a), (b), and (b–1) were revised to reflect the
amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 261.101.
§ 2.11Client with Diminished Capacity
This
section was added. (It replaces former section 2.11, “Access to Residence to
Retrieve Personal Property,” which has become the subject of new chapter 64 of
the manual.)
Chapter 3Divorce Pleadings
§ 3.5Jury Trial
The last
sentence of the first paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex.
Fam. Code § 105.002.
§ 3.12Special Appearance
The sixth
paragraph (beginning “In a suit brought under”) was revised.
§ 3.48Jury Questions
The second
paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 105.002.
Chapter 4Divorce—Temporary Orders
§ 4.2Temporary Restraining Orders and Temporary Injunctions
The tenth
paragraph (beginning “While a suit for”) was added.
Chapter 5Discovery
§ 5.22:3Mental Health Records
In the
third paragraph, the second sentence was added.
§ 5.86 Nonstenographic Recording; Deposition by Telephone
“Deposition
by Telephone” was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. R. Civ. P. 199.1.
Chapter 6Information Gathering and Third-Party Notices
§ 6.1Useful Websites
Several
URLs were updated.
Chapter 8Ancillary Motions and Proceedings
§ 8.13Disqualification of Attorney
Under
“Representation of Another Party in Matter Adverse to Former Client,” the
parenthetical statement was added at the end of the first paragraph.
§ 8.21Substituted Service—Rule 106
The
second sentence and related citations were added in the first paragraph.
§ 8.32Severance
In
the second paragraph, the text and citation to Johnson were added.
§ 8.51:1Traditional Motion for Summary Judgment
Under
“Requirements,” the citation to Herschberg and
related discussion were added.
§ 8.52Use of Summary Judgment to Dispute Existence of Marriage Relationship
Under
“Agreement to Be Married,” the citation to Caldwell-Bays was added.
Under
“Cohabitation,” the citation to Mohamed and related discussion were
added in the third paragraph.
§ 8.71Exclusion of Expert Witness
This
section was revised and expanded.
§ 8.72Presence of Dog to Assist Witness
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Gov’t Code § 21.012.
§ 8.81Claiming Indigence in Trial Court
This
section was substantially revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. R. Civ. P.
145.
Chapter 9Child Support
§ 9.1Support of Child
In the
fourth paragraph, the citation to B.Y. and related discussion were
added.
§ 9.3Manner of Payment
The first
paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 154.003.
§ 9.4Place of Payment
The
supporting citation was added to the first sentence.
The
paragraph following the Comment was revised, and the last paragraph was added.
§ 9.7Retroactive Child Support
The sixth
paragraph (citing Kebodeaux) was added.
§ 9.8Child Support for Disabled Child
In the
first paragraph, the citation to Canales was added.
In the
second paragraph, the last sentence was added.
§ 9.21Net Resources Defined
In the
second paragraph, the citations to Tobias, Daves,
and C.E.A.Q. were added.
§ 9.22Imputation of Income
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 154.0655.
§ 9.24Intentional Unemployment or Underemployment
In
the first paragraph, the final sentence was added to reflect the amendment of
Tex. Fam. Code § 154.066.
§ 9.30Additional Factors
In the
final paragraph, the citations to Goyal and Klages
and related discussion were added.
§ 9.31Guidelines for Net Resources of $9,200 or Less
This
section was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 154.125.
§ 9.34Guidelines for Children in More Than One Household
This
section was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 154.125,
and the final paragraph, citing S.M., was added.
§ 9.37Application of Guidelines to Children of Certain Obligors
In the
first paragraph, the citation to R.D.E. and related discussion were
added.
§ 9.51Local Child Support Registry
The second
sentence of the first paragraph of the Comment was revised to reflect the
amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 234.007.
§ 9.61Withholding Order Required
In the
first paragraph, the statutory citation was added after the first sentence.
The second
and third paragraphs were added.
§ 9.80Qualified Domestic Relations Order for Collection of Support
This
section was revised to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 157.501.
Chapter 13Court-Ordered Representatives
§ 13.4Discretionary Appointment of Representatives
Under
“Continuing Representation after Judgment,” the first paragraph was revised and the second paragraph was replaced to reflect the
amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 107.016.
Chapter 17Protective Orders
§ 17.10Notice, Hearing, and Evidence
The
eighth paragraph (beginning “Nothwithstanding rule
107”) was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 85.006.
§ 17.12Findings and Orders
The
sixth paragraph (beginning “If the court approves”) was revised to reflect the
amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 85.005.
The
citation to Rodriguez and related discussion were added at the end of
the tenth paragraph (beginning “The court may also order”).
§ 17.14Agreed Orders
The
first two paragraphs were revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 85.005.
§ 17.17Remedies for Violations of Protective Orders or Conditions of Bond
The
fifth paragraph (beginning “A person who violates”) was revised to reflect the
amendment of Tex. Penal Code § 25.07.
§ 17.21Duration of Protective Orders
The
citation to Lewis and related discussion were added to the first
paragraph.
§ 17.22Duties of Law Enforcement Officers
The
text under “Statewide Law Enforcement Information System” was revised to
reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 86.0011.
§ 17.23Protective Order Registry
The
first paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Gov’t Code
§ 72.152.
The
second paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Gov’t Code
§ 72.154.
The
final paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Gov’t Code
§ 72.157.
§ 17.25Right to Separate Wireless Telephone Service Account
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 85.0225 and
Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 608.001.
§ 17.26Related Laws
The
final sentence of the seventh paragraph (beginning “The agency releasing a
person”) was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art.
17.50.
The
ninth and tenth paragraphs (beginning “Eligibility for a handgun license” and “ A person at increased risk”) were added to reflect the
enactment of the cited sections of the Government Code.
Chapter 18Alternative Dispute Resolution and Informal Settlement
§ 18.3Arbitration and Mediation Agreements
Under
“Arbitration,” in the second paragraph, the citations to Roman and Menger and related discussion were added. In the
sixth paragraph (beginning “If an arbitrator exceeds”), the citation to
Cahill and related discussion were added. In the seventh paragraph (“Under
the Texas Arbitration Act”), the second sentence was revised. The eighth
paragraph (“However, a motion to vacate”) was added.
§ 18.4Confidentiality of Communications in ADR Proceedings
Under
“Exceptions to Confidentiality,” the word “reasonable” was added in the third
sentence to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 261.101.
§ 18.6Enforcement of Mediated Settlement Agreement
In
the first and fifth paragraphs, the citation to Maraio-Wilhoit
was added.
The
third (beginning “Additionally, under the rules”), fourth (“If the trial court
finds”), sixth (“If an agreed divorce decree”), ninth (“A motion for new
trial”), twelfth (“A party who has filed”), and nineteenth (“However, a trial
court”) paragraphs were added.
In
the eighteenth paragraph (beginning “Not all MSAs”), the citation to Cantillo was added.
§ 18.12Informal Settlement Agreement
The
last paragraph was added.
Chapter 19Trial Proceedings
§ 19.7Child as Witness
The
fifth paragraph (beginning “Notwithstanding Tex. Fam. Code § 153.009”) was
added.
§ 19.11Request for Jury Trial
The
last phrase was added to the sixth paragraph (beginning “A party may demand a
jury trial based on issues”) to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 105.002.
Chapter 20Attorney’s Fees
§ 20.16Sufficiency of Evidence
The
second paragraph was revised, including the addition of the citations to Sims
and Bennett.
Chapter 23Divorce—Decrees and Agreements Incident to Divorce
§ 23.9Spousal Maintenance and Contractual Alimony
Under
“Spousal Maintenance,” the eleventh paragraph (beginning “The amount awarded”)
was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 8.057. The
seventeenth paragraph (“If an obligor”) was added to reflect the enactment of
Tex. Fam. Code § 8.062. The nineteenth paragraph (“The court that
rendered”) was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 8.351.
§ 23.24Employment and Retirement Benefits
The
paragraph following the Comment was added to reflect amendments to chapters 8
and 157 of the Family Code.
Chapter 24Closing Documents
§ 24.13Deed of Trust to Secure Assumption
This
section was added.
Chapter 25Employment and Retirement Benefits
§ 25.11Divisibility on Divorce
The
second paragraph was added.
§ 25.12Methods of Division
This
section was revised.
§ 25.21Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO)
This
section was revised.
§ 25.22Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans
This
section was revised throughout, and “Lump-Sum Amount or Percentage” was added.
§ 25.41No Standard Forms
The
last two sentences were added to the first paragraph, and the first Comment was
revised.
§ 25.43Definitions Applicable to Private Plans
The first
sentence of the definition of “qualified preretirement survivor annuity” was
revised.
§ 25.45Survivor Benefits for Private Plans
Each
paragraph was revised.
§ 25.46Shared-Payment (Shared-Interest) QDRO vs. Separate-Interest QDRO for Defined Benefit Plan QDROs
The
first paragraph, the third and fourth bullet points in the second paragraph,
and the first bullet point in the third paragraph were revised.
§ 25.47Early Retirement Subsidy
The
second sentence was revised.
§ 25.96Addresses for Sending Court Orders
This
section was revised.
§ 25.104Procedure
The
first and last paragraphs were revised.
§ 25.110Delivery of Court Decree to Board
This
section was revised.
§ 25.121Continuing Jurisdiction for Order for Payment of Spousal Maintenance
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code ch. 8, subch. H.
§ 25.122Practical Considerations
This
section was added.
§ 25.131Continuing Jurisdiction for Order for Payment of Child Support
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code ch. 157, subch. J.
§ 25.132Practical Considerations
This
section was added.
§ 25.141Stock Options and Restricted Stock
The
final paragraph was added.
Chapter 26Posttrial Proceedings and Appeals
§ 26.3:5After Default Judgment
Under
“Improper Service,” the citation to Singh was added in the first
paragraph.
Under
“No Notice of Trial,” the third paragraph was added.
Under
“Meritorious Defense,” the citation to Sandoval was added in the first
paragraph.
§ 26.5Request for Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Under
“When Request for Findings of Fact Should Be Made: Possession,” the
second paragraph was added.
Under
“Effect of Trial Court’s Failure to File Findings of Fact and Conclusions of
Law after Proper Request,” the citation to A.W.M. and related discussion
were added at the end of the Comment.
§ 26.6Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Under
“Possession,” references to Tex. Fam. Code § 153.3171 and the citation to Z.G.
and related discussion were added.
§ 26.13Types of Appeals Available Other than Regular Appeal
Under
“Restricted Appeal: Participation in trial,” the citation to S.W. was
added in the second paragraph.
§ 26.18Costs of Appeal—Indigence
Under
“Filing Fees in Appellate Court: If statement was filed in trial court,”
the discussion of Tex. R. Civ. P. 145 in the first paragraph was revised to
reflect amendment of that rule.
Under
“Preparation of Appellate Record,” the discussion was revised to reflect
amendment of Tex. R. Civ. P. 145.
§ 26.19Appellate Record
Under
“Reporter’s Record,” the citation to De Vega and related discussion were
added in the second paragraph.
Chapter 27Mandamus
§ 27.11Alternative Dispute Resolution
Under
“Mediated Settlement Agreements,” the citations to Willeford
and Bouajram and related discussion were
added.
§ 27.12Appellate Court’s Mandate
This
section was added.
§ 27.18Court-Ordered Representatives
This
section was added.
§ 27.21Exclusion of Experts
This
section was added.
§ 27.22Grandparent and Other Third-Party Possession and Access
The
citation to B.B. and related discussion were added in the second
paragraph.
§ 27.26Jurisdiction
Under
“Standing,” the citation to Torres was added.
§ 27.33Temporary Orders
The
last two paragraphs (citing Chesser and O’Connor)
were added.
§ 27.34Temporary Orders Pending Appeal
The
citation to Carter-Faughtenbery was added in
the second paragraph.
§ 27.37Venue
Under
“Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship,” the last two sentences in the
second paragraph, including the citations to Tex. Fam. Code § 155.204(c)
and Paredes, were added.
The
sixth paragraph (beginning “Under the UCCJEA”) was added.
Chapter 31Enforcement—Property
§ 31.21Clarification Order
The
citation to D.N.P. was added in the first paragraph.
Chapter 32Enforcement—Spousal Maintenance and Alimony
§ 32.1Filing Suit to Enforce
The
last sentence was revised to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code ch. 8, subch. H.
§ 32.2Limitations
The
citation to Wilson and related discussion were added in the first
paragraph.
§ 32.22Withholding for Spousal Maintenance and Child Support
The
second sentence was added in the second paragraph to reflect the enactment of
Tex. Fam. Code § 8.062.
§ 32.41QDRO for Payment of Spousal Maintenance Generally
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 8.351.
Chapter 33Enforcement—Child Support
§ 33.12Limitations
Under
“Confirmation of Arrearages,” the first sentence of the first paragraph was
revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 157.005.
§ 33.17Attorney’s Fees
In
the third paragraph, the citations to C.C.E. and Daves
and related discussion were added.
In
the second paragraph following the Comment (beginning “When a party fails”),
the citation to A.S.M and related discussion were added.
§ 33.53Confirmation of Arrearages
The
first paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 157.263.
§ 33.55Enforcement of Medical or Dental Support Order
The
second paragraph was added.
§ 33.76QDRO for Payment of Child Support Generally
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 157.501.
§ 33.91Claim against Abandoned Property
The
second paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Prop. Code
§ 74.501.
Chapter 34Enforcement—Possession and Access
§ 34.7Clear and Specific Order
The
citation to Janson was added in the first paragraph.
The
third paragraph was added.
§ 34.16Affirmative Defenses
The
second paragraph was added.
Chapter 35Contempt
§ 35.13Clear and Specific Terms
The
citation to J.J.R.S. and related discussion were added in the first paragraph.
The
second paragraph was added.
Chapter 36Physical Possession of Child
§ 36.22Who May Bring Suit
The
third paragraph was substantially revised.
Chapter 40Original Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship
§ 40.12Possessory Conservatorship or Access to Child
The
eighteenth paragraph (beginning “Alternative beginning and ending times”) was
substantially revised, and the last sentence was added to the next paragraph,
to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 153.3171.
§ 40.17Temporary Orders
The
fourth paragraph (beginning “A court may not render”) was added.
§ 40.18Jury
This
section was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 105.002(c).
§ 40.19Child Custody Evaluation
The
citations to Gopalan and Ortegon were
added in the first paragraph.
Chapter 41Modification of Texas Orders
§ 41.2Standing
In
the second paragraph, the first sentence was revised.
§ 41.9:1Grounds for Modification of Order Establishing Conservatorship or Possession and Access
The
last paragraph was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 153.3171.
§ 41.9:4Presumptions in Modification Suits
The
last paragraph was revised to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 156.106.
§ 41.9:5Material Change of Circumstances
In
the first paragraph, the citation to A.M. and related discussion were
added.
In
the third paragraph, the citation to Smith and related discussion were
added.
In
the fourth paragraph, the citation to A.T.E. and related discussion were
added.
The
contents of the tenth paragraph (beginning “Examples of changed circumstances”)
were replaced.
The
contents of the nineteenth paragraph (beginning “In a modification proceeding”)
were replaced.
“Death
of a Conservator” was added.
§ 41.10Grounds: Child Support
Under
“Material and Substantial Change,” the third paragraph was added.
The
fourth paragraph was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 156.007.
In
the sixth paragraph, the citations to H.S.N. and Radler
and related discussion were added.
In
the sixth paragraph following the Comment (beginning “Incarceration of a child
support obligor”), the first sentence was added to reflect the amendment of
Tex. Fam. Code § 156.401.
Under
“Calculation of Child Support,” the first paragraph was added.
Under
“Intentional Unemployment or Underemployment,” the first paragraph was added to
reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 154.066.
“QDRO
for Child Support” was added.
§ 41.11Temporary Orders
This
section was substantially revised.
§ 41.12Habeas Corpus
The
first paragraph was revised to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 156.106.
§ 41.13Jury
The
first two paragraphs were revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 105.002.
§ 41.31Spousal Maintenance
The
first three paragraphs were revised and the fourth paragraph
was added to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 8.057.
The
eighth paragraph (beginning “There is no authority”) was added.
“Withholding
from Earnings” and “QDRO for Spousal Maintenance” were added.
Chapter 42Transfer
§ 42.1Transfer of Venue
In
the first paragraph, the citations to Leonard, Mathes,
and Lovell-Osburn and related discussion were
added.
§ 42.8Effect of Transfer
In
the first paragraph, the citation to Bird was added.
The
sixth and eighth paragraphs (beginning “Not later than the tenth working day”
and “The clerk of the transferee court”) were revised, and the last paragraph
was added, to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 155.207.
Chapter 43Interstate Proceedings
§ 43.3Jurisdiction Prerequisites Generally
The
first two paragraphs were added.
§ 43.5Significant-Connection/Substantial-Evidence Jurisdiction
The
fourth paragraph was added.
§ 43.11Inconvenient Forum
The
citation to Seiler was added in the first paragraph.
Under
“Determining Factors of Inconvenient Forum,” the last sentence of the
introductory paragraph was revised, and the citations to T.B. and Minschke and related discussion were added in the
last paragraph.
§ 43.14Notice Requirements
The
last sentence was added to the first paragraph.
§ 43.16Registration of Out-of-State Child Custody Determinations
The
last paragraph was added.
§ 43.18Other Provisions of UCCJEA
Under
“Communication between Courts,” the citation to Seiler and related
discussion was added in the first paragraph.
§ 43.42Enforcement of Support Order after Registration
Under
“Notice of Registration of Order,” the second paragraph was revised to reflect
the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 159.605.
Under
“Procedure to Contest Validity or Enforcement of Registered Support Order,” the
first paragraph was revised to reflect the amendment of Tex. Fam. Code
§ 159.605.
Chapter 44Grandparents and Other Nonparents
§ 44.1Original Standing to File Original Suit
The
citations to H.L. and M.S.J. and related discussion were added in
the fourth paragraph (beginning “In addition to the general standing”).
The
seventh, ninth, and tenth paragraphs (beginning “Failure to plead standing,”
“Grandparents’ suit was dismissed,” and “Foster parents cannot rely”) were
added.
§ 44.2Constitutional Challenges to Standing
The
last paragraph was added.
§ 44.3The Fit-Parent Presumption
This
section was added.
§ 44.6Possessory Conservatorship
The
third and fourth paragraphs (beginning “When there is no evidence” and “A
parent is entitled”) were added.
Chapter 50Termination
§ 50.3Indian Child Welfare Act
The
discussion of Brackeen in the Important Note
was updated.
§ 50.27Voluntary Termination
The
citation to C.J.C. was added in the second paragraph.
§ 50.32Appointments in Termination Suits by Governmental Entity
Under
“Duration of Appointment,” the first paragraph was revised to reflect the
amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 107.016.
§ 50.33Appointments in Termination Other Than Suits by Governmental Entity
The
citation to K.M.M. and related discussion were added in the first
paragraph.
§ 50.42Attack on Termination Order
The
citations to K.M.L. and D.E.H. and related discussion were added
in the second paragraph.
§ 50.51Reinstatement of Parental Rights Generally
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code ch. 161, subch. D.
§ 50.52Who May Bring Suit
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 161.302.
§ 50.53Required Circumstances
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 161.302.
§ 50.54Petition
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 161.302.
§ 50.55Hearing and Findings
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 161.303.
§ 50.56Order
This
section was added to reflect the enactment of Tex. Fam. Code § 161.304.
Chapter 51Adoption of Child
§ 51.30Transfer of Permanent Physical Custody of Adopted Child
The
first paragraph was revised.
Chapter 54Parentage
§ 54.15Who May Bring Suit
The
sixth paragraph (beginning “In In re A.E.R.”) was added.
§ 54.16Denial of Parental Presumption
The
citation to A.M.S. was added in the fourth paragraph.
Chapter 61Miscellaneous Litigation
§ 61.3Change of Name of Adult
In
the second paragraph, the last sentence was added to reflect the amendment of
Tex. Fam. Code § 45.102.
In
the fourth paragraph, the last sentence was added to reflect the amendment of
Tex. Fam. Code § 45.103.
In
the sixth paragraph, the next-to-last sentence was added to reflect the
amendment of Tex. Fam. Code § 45.103.
Chapter 64Retrieval of Personal Property
§ 64.1Jurisdiction for Writ
This
section was added to reflect the amendment of Tex. Prop. Code § 24A.002.
§ 64.2Application for Writ
This
section was added to reflect the amendment of Tex. Prop. Code § 24A.002.
§ 64.3Writ
This
section was added to reflect the amendment of Tex. Prop. Code § 24A.002.
§ 64.4Temporary Ex Parte Writ
This
section was added to reflect the amendment of Tex. Prop. Code § 24A.0021.
§ 64.5Entry and Retrieval
This
section was added to reflect the amendment of Tex. Prop. Code § 24A.003.
§ 64.6Review
This section was added to reflect
the amendment of Tex. Prop. Code § 24A.006.
Changes
to Forms—May 2022
Chapter 2Attorney-Client Relationship and Communications
Form 2-2Employment Contract
Part I was
substantially revised and expanded.
Form 2-6Client Information
The
paragraph entitled “Notice of Confidentiality” was revised.
Citizenship/Immigration
Status was added in items 1. and 5.
Emergency
Contact was added as item 3., and subsequent items were renumbered.
The
parenthetical “(last 3 digits)” was deleted in items 1., 5., and 9.
In item
10., some types of information were deleted from the inquiry.
In item
14., the inquiry about emergency contact was deleted.
Form 2-19Letter to Client Regarding Initial Disclosure Requirements
This form
was added.
Form 2-20Letter to Client Regarding Spoliation of Evidence
This form
was added.
Form 2-21Letter to Client Before Mediation
This form
was added.
Chapter 3Divorce Pleadings
Form 3-1Original Petition for Divorce
In ¶
11.K.3., the last two sentences were added.
In ¶
11.K.4., the last sentence was added.
In ¶ 11.K.5.,
the second bracketed alternative was added.
¶ 11.K.6.
was added.
In ¶ 11.K.18.,
minor amendments were made in the third sentence.
In ¶ 11.K.19.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶¶ 19.B.
and 21.B., item 5. was revised.
Form 3-3Temporary Restraining Order and Order Setting Hearing for Temporary Orders
In ¶ 1.A.,
item 37. was amended.
Form 3-4Notice of Hearing for Temporary Orders and Order to Appear
In ¶ 1.,
item 37. was amended.
Chapter 4Divorce—Temporary Orders
Form 4-3Temporary Orders
In ¶ 4.D.2.a.,
the paragraphs identified as “Geographic Area for Primary Residence” were
deleted.
In ¶ 4.D.2.c.,
item 1. was revised.
In ¶ 4.D.2.d.,
item 10. was revised.
¶¶ 4.D.2.f.
and 4.D.3. were added.
In ¶ 4.D.4.,
the words “or renewal” were added in the second paragraph.
In ¶ 4.D.5.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶ 4.E.2.,
items 2. and 3. were revised.
In ¶ 4.E.3.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶ 4.F.4.,
the second item 4. was added.
In ¶ 4.M.,
items 4. and 5. were revised.
In ¶ 5.J.,
the second paragraph was revised.
Chapter 5Discovery
Form 5-28Suggested Language for Production of Employment Records
Item 5. was
revised, items 6., 7., and 8. were added, and former item 6. was renumbered.
Form 5-38Request for Entry upon Property
This form
was added.
Form 5-39Motion for Entry upon Property
This form
was added.
Form 5-40Order on Motion for Entry upon Property
This form
was added.
Form 5-45Pattern Interrogatories—Conservatorship
Items 2.
and 3. were revised, and item 19. was added.
Chapter 6Information Gathering and Third-Party Notices
Form 6-51Retirement Benefits Checklist
This form
was completely revised.
Chapter 7Inventory and Appraisement
Form 7-1Inventory and Appraisement
Item 3. was
added, and subsequent items were renumbered.
Former item
28. (Sole and Joint Liabilities) was deleted; the section “Sole and Joint
Liabilities,” comprising items 33. through 40., was added; and subsequent items
were renumbered.
Under
“Verification,” the last two paragraphs were added.
Chapter 8Ancillary Motions and Proceedings
Form 8-58Motion to Exclude Expert Witness
This form
was added.
Form 8-59Order on Motion to Exclude Expert Witness
This form
was added.
Form 8-60Motion to Authorize Presence of Qualified [Facility/Therapy] Dog
This form
was added.
Form 8-61Order on Motion to Authorize Presence of Qualified [Facility/Therapy] Dog
This form
was added.
Chapter 13Court-Appointed Representatives
Form 13-2Original Answer Filed by Attorney Ad Litem for Respondent Cited by [Publication/Substituted Service]
The word
“costs” was added in paragraph 2. and in the prayer.
Form 13-5Motion for Appointment of [Attorney Ad Litem/Guardian Ad Litem/Amicus Attorney] for Child[ren]
The word
“costs” was added in the second and third paragraphs.
Form 13-6Order Appointing Attorney Ad Litem for Child[ren]
The word
“costs” was added in the first sentence of the final paragraph.
Form 13-8Order Appointing Amicus Attorney Ad Litem
The word
“costs” was added in the first sentence of the final paragraph.
Form 13-9[Guardian Ad Litem/Attorney Ad Litem/Amicus Attorney]’s Original Answer in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship
The word
“costs” was added in the title and both paragraphs in paragraph 3.
Form 13-10Motion for Additional Deposit to Secure Fees
The word
“costs” was added in the second and third sentences in the second paragraph,
and the fifth paragraph was revised.
Form 13-11Order for Deposit of Additional Fees
The word
“costs” was added in the second and third paragraphs.
Form 13-12Expense Report of [Attorney Ad Litem/Guardian Ad Litem/Amicus Attorney]
The form
was substantially revised.
Chapter 15Collaborative Law
Form 15-12Collaborative Law Settlement Agreement
The second
and third paragraphs in paragraph 14. were added.
Chapter 16Parenting Plans and Parenting Coordinators
Form 16-1Parenting Plan
Both
provisions for Monday holidays were revised to add the option of an ending time
at 8:00 AM on Tuesday.
Form 16-2Checklist of Other Possible Parenting Plan Provisions
Under
“Injunctions,” both provisions concerning consumption of alcohol were revised.
Chapter 17Protective Orders
Form 17-1An Application for a Protective Order
Paragraph
11. was added, and subsequent paragraphs were renumbered.
Form 17-2Temporary Ex Parte Protective Order
The
next-to-last paragraph in ¶ 2. and the fourth paragraph in ¶ 3. were added.
Form 17-3Final Protective Order
¶ 2.C. was
revised.
¶ 8. and
the fourth paragraph in ¶ 16. were added.
Form 17-21Order to Separate Wireless Telephone Service Account
This form
was added.
Chapter 18Alternative Dispute Resolution and Informal Settlement
Form 18-17Mediated Settlement Agreement
The second
and third paragraphs in 14. were added.
Form 18-51Mediated Settlement Agreement
The second
and third paragraphs in 13. were added.
Chapter 19Trial Proceedings
Form 19-6Suggested Division of Community Property
Items 26.1
and 26.2 were added, and subsequent items were renumbered.
Chapter 20Attorney’s Fees
Form 20-1Petition in Intervention for Attorney’s Fees
Paragraph
4. was added, and subsequent paragraphs were renumbered.
The initial
phrases in paragraphs 5., 6., and 7. were revised.
The prayer
was revised.
Chapter 23Divorce—Decrees and Agreements Incident to Divorce
Form 23-1Final Decree of Divorce
In ¶¶ 7.A.and
7.B., the finding of date of marriage was added.
Former ¶ 10.A.7.
was deleted.
In ¶ 10.B.5.,
item 1. was revised.
¶¶ 10.C.
and 10.D. were added.
In ¶ 10.E.,
the words “or renewal” were added in the second paragraph.
In ¶ 10.G.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶¶ 10.H.1.c.
and 10.H.1.d., the second paragraph in item 2. was revised to include an ending
time at 8:00 A.M.
on Tuesday.
In ¶ 10.H.1.g.,
in the second paragraph of item 1. and the second paragraph of the second
alternative for item 2., the phrase “child is not in school” was changed to
“child is not physically attending school.”
In ¶ 10.H.6.,
items 2. and 3. were revised.
In ¶ 10.H.7.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶ 10.I.4.,
the second item 4. was added.
In ¶ 10.I.12.a.,
in the definition of “furnish,” punctuation was added at the ends of items, and
the word “or” was added at the end of item e.
In ¶ 10.I.12.f.,
the text of items 10.I.12.f.(1)–(4) replaced the text
formerly preceding current ¶ 10.I.12.f.(5).
In ¶ 10.M.,
the second paragraph was revised.
¶ 11.B.1.f.(3)
was added, and (4), (5), and (6) were revised.
¶ 11.B.1.g.
was revised.
In ¶ 11.C.1.,
the word “timely” was added in the first paragraph.
¶ 11.C.1.a.
was substantially revised and expanded.
Form 23-6Agreement Incident to Divorce
¶ 2.B.6.c.
was added, and d., e., and f. were revised.
¶ 2.B.7.
was revised.
In ¶ 2.D.,
the word “timely” was added in the first paragraph.
¶ 2.D.1.
was substantially revised and expanded.
Chapter 24Closing Documents
Form 24-4Special Warranty Deed with Encumbrance for Owelty of Partition
The last
paragraph was added.
Form 24-7Deed of Trust to Secure Assumption [Without Maturity Date]
Paragraphs
E.13. and E.14. were added.
Form 24-37Deed of Trust to Secure Assumption [With Maturity Date]
This form
was added.
Chapter 25Employment and Retirement Benefits
Form 25-1Letter to Plan Administrator
This form
was substantially revised.
Form 25-2QDRO Fact Sheet for the Plan
This form
was deleted.
Form 25-3Qualified Domestic Relations Order [Private Retirement Plan—Defined Benefit—Separate-Interest]
In ¶ 1.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶ 4.,
the last two paragraphs were deleted.
In ¶ 6.,
the first two paragraphs were added.
Former ¶ 7.
(Preretirement Survivor Annuity) was deleted.
In ¶ 8.,
the third paragraph was deleted.
Former ¶ 18.
(Documentation and Information) was deleted.
Form 25-4Qualified Domestic Relations Order [Private Retirement Plan—Defined Benefit—Shared-Interest]
In ¶ 1.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶ 4.,
the last two paragraphs were deleted.
In ¶ 6.,
the first two paragraphs were added.
Former ¶ 7.
(Preretirement/Postretirement Survivor Annuity) was deleted.
¶ 8. was
substantially revised.
In ¶ 9.A.2.,
the last clause in the first sentence was deleted.
In ¶ 10.,
the last sentence in the second paragraph was deleted.
Former ¶¶ 18.
(Documentation and Information) and 19. (Application of the Order) were
deleted.
Form 25-5Qualified Domestic Relations Order [Private Retirement Plan—Defined Contribution]
In ¶ 1.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶ 4.,
the last two paragraphs were deleted.
In ¶ 5.B.,
the first sentence of the first paragraph was revised.
¶ 7. was
substantially revised.
In ¶ 8.,
the last phrase, “if allowed by the Plan,” was deleted.
Former ¶¶ 14.
(Effect of Plan Termination) and 16. (Documentation and Information) were
deleted.
Form 25-22Letter Forwarding Court Order Acceptable for Processing
The address
was updated.
Form 25-23Order Dividing Railroad Retirement Benefits
The title
of the form was revised.
In ¶ 2.,
item 1. and the first paragraph of item 2. were revised.
In ¶ 4.,
two items of information were deleted.
¶ 6.B. was
revised.
¶ 6.C. was
added.
¶ 6.D. was
completely revised.
In ¶ 6.E.,
the last sentence was revised.
Former ¶ 8.
(Employee Constructive Trustee) was deleted.
¶ 11. was
revised.
Form 25-24Letter Forwarding Court [Decree/Order] Dividing Railroad Retirement
The title
of the form was revised.
The
address, the “Re:” segment, and the first paragraph were revised, and one item
of information pertaining to the employee was deleted.
The
next-to-last paragraph was revised.
Form 25-31Military Retirement Pension Division Order
In the
paragraph entitled “Application for Direct Payment of Retired Pay,” the words
“disposable military” were added in the first sentence.
Under
“Survivor Benefit Plan,” the first sentence of the sixth paragraph was deleted.
Form 25-42Letter Requesting Retirement Benefits Be Frozen
This letter
(formerly Letter to Pension Trustee—Notice of Entitlement) was completely
revised.
Chapter 26Posttrial Proceedings and Appeals
Form 26-9Request for Findings in Possession Order
The third paragraph was revised.
Form 26-10Request for Findings in Child Support Order
Item 3. was
added, and subsequent items were renumbered.
The second
item 5. was added.
Form 26-13Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
In the
first paragraph, the reference to section 153.254 was deleted.
In the
findings of fact, items 9., 10., 17., 18., the second item 25., items 27.–47.,
items 105.–109., and items 112.–115. were added, and item 110. was revised.
Various items were renumbered as needed.
Headings
preceding findings of fact 17., 27., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 38., 41., 112.,
and 114. were added.
In the
conclusions of law, the fourth item 6., items 7.–9., items 12.–16., and items
25.–29. were added, and various items were renumbered as needed.
Headings
preceding conclusions of law 8., 10., 12., 14., 16., 25., 28., and 29. were
added.
Chapter 32Enforcement—Spousal Maintenance and Alimony
Form 32-1Petition for Enforcement of Spousal Maintenance and Order to Appear
Paragraph
10. was added, and subsequent paragraphs were renumbered.
Form 32-3Order of Enforcement by Contempt and Suspension of Commitment (Spousal Maintenance)
The
paragraph entitled “Qualified Domestic Relations Order” was added.
Form 32-6Order Holding Respondent in Contempt and for Commitment to County Jail (Spousal Maintenance)
The
paragraph entitled “Qualified Domestic Relations Order” was added.
Form 32-11Order of Income Withholding for Spousal Maintenance
Paragraph
1. under “Calculating Disposable Earnings” was revised.
Chapter 33Enforcement—Child Support
Form 33-3Motion for Enforcement of Child Support Order and Order to Appear
Paragraph
10. was revised.
Paragraph
14. was added, and subsequent items were renumbered.
Paragraph
15. was revised.
In the
Order to Appear, the text ordering production (formerly following the first
paragraph) was deleted.
Form 33-6Order Holding Respondent in Contempt for Failure to Pay Child Support, Granting Judgment for Arrearages, and Suspending Commitment
Both
paragraphs under “Findings” were revised.
Under
“Contempt Findings and Findings on Arrearages,” the second, third, fourth,
eighth, and ninth paragraphs were revised.
Under
“Civil Contempt,” items 2. and 3. were added.
Under
“Suspension of Commitment [and Community Supervision],” item 5. was revised.
Under
“Order for Withholding and Credit for Amounts Withheld,” the first, third, and
sixth paragraphs were revised.
Under
“Payment of Child Support and Child Support Arrearages,” the first paragraph
was revised.
The
paragraph entitled “Qualified Domestic Relations Order” was added.
The text
under “Attorney’s Fees” was revised.
Form 33-9Order Holding Respondent in Contempt for Failure to Pay Child Support, Granting Judgment, and for Commitment to County Jail
Under
“Findings,” the first two paragraphs were revised.
Under
“Contempt Findings and Findings on Arrearages,” the second, third, fourth,
eighth, and ninth paragraphs were revised.
Under
“Civil Contempt,” items 2. and 3. were added.
The former
paragraphs entitled “Attorney’s Fees” and “Costs” were deleted.
Under
“Order for Withholding and Credit for Amounts Withheld,” the first, third, and
sixth paragraphs were revised.
Under
“Payment of Child Support and Child Support Arrearages,” the first paragraph
was revised.
The former
paragraph entitled “Payment of Attorney’s Fees and Costs” was deleted.
The
paragraphs entitled “Qualified Domestic Relations Order,” “Attorney’s Fees,”
and “Costs” were added.
Form 33-21Motion to Confirm Child Support Arrearage
In
paragraph 6., the paragraphs referring to medical support and dental support
were added.
In
paragraph 7., the second and third paragraphs were added.
Paragraph
8. was revised.
Paragraph
9. was added, and subsequent paragraphs were renumbered.
Form 33-22Judgment for Child Support Arrearage
Under
“Findings,” the first and last paragraphs were revised.
The former
paragraphs entitled “Attorney’s Fees” and “Costs” were deleted.
Under
“Order for Withholding and Credit for Amounts Withheld,” the first, third, and
sixth paragraphs were revised.
Under
“Payment of Child Support and Child Support Arrearages,” the first paragraph
was revised.
The former
paragraph entitled “Payment of Attorney’s Fees and Costs” was deleted.
The paragraphs
entitled “Qualified Domestic Relations Order,” “Attorney’s Fees,” and “Costs”
were added.
Form 33-23Order to Withhold Income for Costs and Fees
Paragraph
1. under “Calculating Disposable Earnings” was revised.
Chapter 34Enforcement—Possession and Access
Form 34-6Order of Enforcement by Contempt and Suspension of Commitment (Possession or Access)
Under
“Suspension of Commitment [and Community Supervision],” former items 10.–12.
were deleted.
Chapter 40Original Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship
Form 40-1Original Petition in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship
In ¶¶ 11.C.
and 11.D., the last two sentences were added.
In ¶ 11.E.,
the second bracketed alternative was added.
¶ 11.F. was
added.
In ¶¶ 11.N.1.
and 11.N.2., minor amendments were made in the third sentence.
In ¶ 11.O.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In
¶ 14.A., item 5. was revised.
¶
15.E. was revised.
Form 40-3Temporary Restraining Order and Order Setting Hearing for Temporary Orders
¶ 1.E. was
revised.
Form 40-4Notice of Hearing for Temporary Orders and Order to Appear
¶ 1.E. was
revised.
Form 40-5Temporary Orders in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship
Former ¶ 4.B.1.f.
was deleted.
In ¶ 4.B.3.,
item 1. was revised.
In ¶ 4.B.4.a.,
item 10. was revised.
¶ 4.B.6.
and 4.B.7. were added.
In ¶ 4.B.8.,
the words “or renewal” were added in the second paragraph.
In ¶ 4.B.9.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶ 4.C.2.a.
and 4.C.2.b., items 2. and 3. were revised.
In ¶ 4.C.3.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶ 5.D.,
the second item 4. was added.
In ¶ 13.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶ 15.,
item 5. was revised.
Form 40-6Order in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship
Former ¶ 8.B.1.f.
was deleted.
In ¶ 8.B.3.,
item 1. was revised.
In ¶ 8.B.4.a.,
item 10. was revised.
¶¶ 8.B.6.
and 8.B.7. were added.
In ¶ 8.B.8.,
the words “or renewal” were added in the second paragraph.
In ¶ 8.B.10.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶¶ 8.C.2.a.
and 8.C.2.b., items 2. and 3. were revised.
In ¶ 8.C.3.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶ 9.D.,
the second item 4. was added.
In ¶ 9.L.1.,
in the definition of “furnish,” punctuation was added at the ends of items, and
the word “or” was added at the end of item e.
In ¶ 9.L.6.,
the text of items 9.L.6.a–9.L.6.d. replaced the text
formerly preceding current ¶ 9.L.6.e.
In ¶ 13.,
the second paragraph was revised.
Chapter 41Modification of Texas Orders
Form 41-1Petition to Modify Parent-Child Relationship
¶ 11.E. was
added.
In ¶¶ 11.H.3.a.
and 11.H.3.b., minor amendments were made in the third sentence.
In ¶ 11.H.4.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶ 11.I.,
the second bracketed alternative was added.
¶ 11.J. was
added.
In
¶¶ 12.A.1. and 12.A.2., the second “include if applicable” item (concerning
incarceration for 180+ days) was added.
In
¶ 14.A., item 5. was revised.
¶
15.E. was revised.
Form 41-7Temporary Restraining Order and Order Setting Hearing for Temporary Orders
¶ 1.E. was
revised.
Form 41-8Notice of Hearing for Temporary Orders and Order to Appear
¶ 1.E. was
revised.
Form 41-9Temporary Orders in Suit to Modify Parent-Child Relationship
Former ¶ 4.B.1.f.
was deleted.
In ¶ 4.B.3.,
item 1. was revised.
In ¶ 4.B.4.a.,
item 10. was revised.
¶¶ 4.B.6.
and 4.B.7. were added.
In ¶ 4.B.8.,
the words “or renewal” were added in the second paragraph.
In ¶ 4.B.9.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶¶ 4.C.2.a.
and 4.C.2.b., items 2. and 3. were revised.
In ¶ 4.C.3.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶ 5.D.,
the second item 4. was added.
In ¶ 13.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶ 15.,
items 4. and 5. were revised.
Form 41-10Order in Suit to Modify the Parent-Child Relationship
Former ¶ 8.B.
was deleted.
Former ¶ 10.B.1.f.
was deleted.
In ¶ 10.B.3.,
item 1. was revised.
In ¶ 10.B.4.a.,
item 10. was revised.
¶¶ 10.B.6.
and 10.B.7. were added.
In ¶ 10.B.8.,
the words “or renewal” were added in the second paragraph.
In ¶ 10.B.10.,
the second paragraph was revised.
In ¶¶ 10.C.2.a.
and 10.C.2.b., items 2. and 3. were revised.
In ¶ 10.C.3.,
the word “of” was added in the last phrase in the first sentence.
In ¶ 12.D.,
the second item 4. was added.
In ¶ 12.L.1.,
in the definition of “furnish,” punctuation was added at the ends of items, and
the word “or” was added at the end of item e.
In ¶ 12.L.6.,
the text of items 12.L.6.a–12.L.6.d. replaced the text
formerly preceding current ¶ 12.L.6.e.
In ¶ 16.,
the second paragraph was revised.
Form 41-21Petition to Modify Spousal Maintenance
This form
was added.
Form 41-22Respondent’s Original Answer [to Petition to Modify Spousal Maintenance]
This form
was added.
Form 41-23Order in Suit to Modify Spousal Maintenance
This form
was added.
Chapter 42Transfer
Form 42-4Order Transferring Suit Affecting Parent-Child Relationship
This form
was substantially revised.
Chapter 43Interstate Proceedings
Form 43-13Notice of Registration of [Foreign] Support Order
In
paragraphs 4. and 5., the phrase “within twenty days” was changed to “within
thirty days.”
Chapter 44Grandparents and Other Nonparents
Form 44-1Petition in Intervention in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship
In ¶ 14.A.,
item 5. was revised.
¶ 15.E. was
revised.
Chapter 45Military Duty of Conservator
Form 45-5Temporary Orders in Suit to Modify Parent-Child Relationship Based on Military Duty [Conservator with Right to Designate Residence]
In ¶ 5.B.3.,
the words “or renewal” were added in the second paragraph.
In ¶ 6.F.,
the second item 4. was added.
Form 45-6Temporary Orders in Suit to Modify Parent-Child Relationship Based on Military Duty [Conservator without Right to Designate Residence]
In ¶ 6.C.,
the second item 4. was added.
Chapter 51Adoption of Child
Form 51-1Original Petition for Adoption of [a] Child[ren]
¶ 9.B. was
revised.
Form 51-2Order Granting Adoption
In ¶ 6.,
the first paragraph was revised.
Chapter 56Miscellaneous SAPCR and Other Child-Related Forms
Form 56-17Possession Order [Split Conservatorship]
In ¶ 3.A.,
the second paragraph in item 2. was revised to include an ending time at 8:00 A.M. on Tuesday.
Form 56-20Motion for Child Custody Evaluation
The fourth
and sixth paragraphs were revised, and the fifth paragraph was added.
Form 56-24Order for Child Custody Evaluation
The fourth
paragraph and the last sentence of the eighth paragraph were added.
Chapter 61Miscellaneous Litigation
Form 61-4Original Petition for Change of Name of Adult
Paragraph
3. was revised, and the second paragraph 8. was added.
The
paragraph number was deleted from the prayer.
Form 61-5Order Granting Change of Name of Adult
Paragraph
13. and the second paragraph of the order (beginning “IT IS ORDERED that this
order is confidential”) were added.
Chapter 63Property Agreements
Form 63-8Agreement to Convert Separate Property to Community Property
In
paragraph 4.1., the third paragraph was added.
Form 63-10Community Interest Special Warranty Deed
This form
was added.
Chapter 64Retrieval of Personal Property
Form 64-1Application for Writ Authorizing Entry and Property Retrieval
This form
was added.
Form 64-2Order for Issuance of Temporary Ex Parte Writ Authorizing Entry and Property Retrieval
This form
was added.
Form 64-3Order for Issuance of Writ Authorizing Entry and Property Retrieval
This form
was added.
Form 64-4[Temporary Ex Parte] Writ Authorizing Entry and Property Retrieval
This form
was added.